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Understand psychological aspects of aging in later life.
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Geriatric psychology (or psychology of aging) focuses on psychological aspects of aging in later life (typically 65+ years). This field addresses cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral changes in older adults, and promotes healthy aging and well-being.
Normal Cognitive Aging: - Processing speed slows significantly - Working memory capacity decreases - Divided attention becomes more difficult - Prospective memory (remembering to do tasks) declines
Neurocognitive Disorders: - Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Noticeable but not disabling decline - Dementia: Progressive loss of cognitive function - Alzheimer's disease: Most common - Vascular dementia: Stroke-related - Lewy body dementia: Parkinson's related - Assessment: MMSE, MoCA, detailed neuropsychological testing
Emotional Regulation: - Older adults often show improved emotion regulation - Positivity effect: Preferring positive information - Reduced negative affect with age
Mental Health Concerns: - Depression not normal part of aging - Anxiety disorders - Loneliness and social isolation - Bereavement and grief
Resilience Factors: - Social support networks - Physical activity - Cognitive engagement - Meaning and purpose in life - Adaptation and flexibility
Physical Health: - Regular exercise and physical activity - Healthy nutrition and sleep - Preventive healthcare - Managing chronic conditions
Cognitive Engagement: - Lifelong learning and skill development - Reading, puzzles, games - Social engagement - Novelty seeking
Social Engagement: - Maintaining meaningful relationships - Community involvement and volunteering - Intergenerational connections
Psychological Adaptation: - Acceptance of aging changes - Maintaining sense of purpose - Positive attitude and resilience - Flexibility and coping strategies
Facing mortality and making meaning of life becomes central tasks. Losses accumulate, and finding purpose through relationships, contribution, and reflection becomes important for psychological wellbeing.
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Schaie, K. W., & Willis, S. L. (2021). Handbook of the Psychology of Aging. Academic Press (9th ed.).
Lichtenberg, P. A. (Ed.) (2010). Handbook of Assessment in Clinical Gerontology. Academic Press.
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Baltes, P. B., & Smith, J. (2003). New Frontiers in the Future of Aging. Gerontology, 49(2), 123-135.
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful Aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433-440.
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Kübler-Ross, E. (1969). On Death and Dying. Macmillan.
Antonucci, T. C., & Akiyama, H. (1987). Social Networks in Adult Life and a Preliminary Examination of the Convoy Model. Journal of Gerontology, 42(5), 519-527.
Salthouse, T. A. (2010). Major Issues in Cognitive Aging. Oxford University Press.
Social Gerontology
Social Relationships: - Grandparenting roles and responsibilities - Maintaining friendships and social networks - Widowhood and relationship transitions
Family Dynamics: - Changing roles and relationships with adult children - Intergenerational support - Family caregiving roles
Ageism and Stereotypes: - Negative attitudes toward older adults - Impact on self-perception and opportunities - Intersection with other biases
Housing and Living Arrangements: - Aging in place vs. relocation - Assisted living facilities - Importance of environmental fit